Circunferencia de cintura: un indicador de sobrepeso y obesidad / Waist circumference: an indicator of overweight and obesity

Objetivo: Conocer actualizaciones recientes acerca del uso de la Circunferencia de Cintura (CC), para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad, en diferentes grupos etareos. Métodos: Se seleccionaron, para meta análisis, 19 artículos, de ellos, 9 de niños y adolescentes, 6 de adultos y 4 de adultos mayores; un artículo incluye a los tres grupos etarios, se analizaron las categorías: muestra, objetivos, variables, conclusión. Resultados: promedios similares en niños y adolescentes, no significativos; en jóvenes universitarios, cantidades parecidas, aunque ligeramente elevados en varones, en adultos: promedios significativos y mayor en las mujeres, aumentan con la edad hasta los 49 años y luego disminuyen; en adultos mayores son más altos en mujeres. La CC correlacionada con índice de masa corporal (IMC), peso e índice cintura-talla .ICT); tiene alta sensibilidad y especificidad, presentes en todos los artículos. Conclusión: la CC se distribuye como una normal, su comportamiento es sistemático y consistente, se correlación con el IMC y con el Peso; la regresión logística revela su alta sensibilidad y especificidad, se recomienda la medición de la CC para evaluar sobrepeso y obesidad(AU)

COVID-19 Outbreak at Palm View Center January 5, 2021

Press Release by the Ministry of Health and Wellness informing the public of a COVID-19 outbreak at its residential care facility, the Palm View Center, in Belmopan. The Palm View Center is a mental health facility with a total of 27 residents. The facility is reporting that 21 residents and seven staff have tested positive for COVID-19 since yesterday. No deaths have been reported in connection with the outbreak as of January 4, 2021.

Ministry of Health and Wellness Announces Approved COVID-19 Testing Sites January 20, 2021

On January 14, 2021, the Ministry of Health and Wellness announced plans to expand testing to include persons requiring negative COVID-19 tests for entry to other countries. To this end, the Ministry has published a list of approved COVID-19 testing sites.

Ministry of Health and Wellness Receives Donation of Antigen Tests from Embassy of Taiwan, January 21, 2021

Press Release by the Ministry of Health and Wellness announcing that on January 21, 2021 Dr. Deysi Mendez, Chief Executive Officer, received a donation on behalf of the Ministry of 15,000 COVID-19 Antigen rapid tests in a small ceremony hosted by the Embassy of the Republic of China (Taiwan).

Suspension of All Lotteries including Games of Chance and Government Lotteries

The Ministry of Economic Development, Petroleum, Investment, Trade, and Commerce, as the Ministry responsible for Lotteries, informs the public that due to the state of emergency in place in response to COVID-19, all lotteries, including games of chance and Government Lotteries (Boledo, Jackpot and Ordinary), are suspended until further notice.

Belize Covid-19 (Coronavirus inforgraphics first update) confirming 2 positive cases - March 25, 2020

First Coronavirus (covid-19) information overview of cases in Belize

Notice for Official Information on COVID-19

The Government of Belize reminds the public that ALL official information concerning COVID-19 (coronavirus) will come from the Government of Belize Press Office and the Ministry of Health. Information from any other source is not advised to be relied on.

New Measures Announced to Protect Against COVID-19 - March 20, 2020

Press release stating the COVID-19 National Oversight Committee held its second meeting March 20th. They agreed to take additional measures to further protect the health of Belizeans and reduce the threat of transmission of COVID-19 in Belize. One measure is to limit the number of persons who can gather in any space to 25 people.

Postponement of Cruise Line Service to Belize as Precautionary Measure amid COVID-19

The Ministry of Tourism and Civil Aviation has confirmed that as a part of the attempt to contain the spread of COVID-19, the Ministry has received notification that Norwegian Cruise Lines and Royal Caribbean Cruise Lines are suspending global services for 30 days.

Closure of Daycare Centers - March 19, 2020 / Closure of Daycare Centers

The Ministry of Human Development, Social Transformation, and Poverty Alleviation advises the public that effective Saturday, March 21st, 2020 all daycares will suspend operations until Monday, April 20th, 2020 when schools are scheduled to reopen.

BDF Hospital Closure

The Ministry of Defence informs the public of the closure of the Belize Defence Force Hospital at Price Barracks, Ladyville.

American National Tests Positive for COVID-19 After Departing Belize

The Ministry of Health was notified March 21, 2020 of an American national who was in Belize and tested positive for COVID-19 in the U.S. after departing Belize one week ago.

COVID-19 - Alert Regarding Border Closures, March 22, 2020

The Government of Belize Press Release reminding the public that Belize's borders are closed, Belizeans are not allowed to leave Belize. There are no restrictions placed on incoming or outgoing freight and cargo. There is limited entry subject to a 14-day quarantine at each border.

Agenesia pulmonar direita na unidade de terapia intensiva adulto / Right lung agenesis in the adult intensive care unit

Relato de caso: as malformações congênitas pulmonares são raras e variam quanto à sua forma de apresentação clínica e gravidade, podendo manifestar-se em qualquer idade. A anamnese e o exame físico foram instrumentos essenciais, além, da entrevista com os familiares para que o diagnóstico de agenesia pulmonar e dextrocardia fossem confirmados de forma rápida e as intervenções de enfermagem e médicas implementadas em tempo recorde e o paciente recebesse alta sem sequelas além das consequências já deixadas pela doença desde sua infância. Conclusão: compreender o diagnóstico é um processo permeado por inquietudes e requer uma avaliação minuciosa dos pacientes a fim de minimizar danos irreversíveis. Sendo assim, a sistematização da assistência de enfermagem é um recurso ímpar que viabiliza a organização da assistência pelo enfermeiro e possibilita utilizar sistemas de classificação da prática de enfermagem, planejamento e avaliação da assistência além de detectar indicadores clínicos, gerando melhora no prognóstico do paciente.

Case report: congenital pulmonary malformations are rare and vary in their clinical presentation and severity and may manifest at any age. Anamnesis and physical examination were essential tools, as well as interviews with family members so that the diagnosis of pulmonary agenesis and dextrocardia could be confirmed quickly and nursing and medical interventions implemented in record time and the patient was discharged without sequelae beyond the consequences already left by the disease since its childhood. Conclusion: understanding the diagnosis is a process permeated by concerns and requires a thorough evaluation of patients in order to minimize irreversible damage. Thus, the systematization of nursing care is a unique resource that enables the organization of care by the nurse and enables the use of nursing practice classification systems, planning and assessment of care, as well as detecting clinical indicators that improve patient's prognosis.

Perfil epidemiológico de mortalidade por leucemias mieloides no Maranhão no período de 2013-2017 / Epidemiological profile of mortality from myeloid leukemia in Maranhão in the period 2013-2017

As leucemias estão associadas com aberrações cromossômicas que são específicas para determinados subtipos da doença. Existem mais de 12 tipos de leucemia, sendo as do tipo mielóide se dividem em aguda (LMA) e Crônica (LMC). Este estudo objetivou descrever o perfil epidemiológico dos óbitos em pacientes acometidos por leucemia mielóide no Estado do Maranhão. Trata-se de um estudo ecológico, descritivo, transversal com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos pelo Departamento de Informação do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS) Informações de Saúde (TABNET) por meio do Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM). Os dados foram tubulados no Microsoft Excel® e seguiu a declaração de óbito para análise das variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas do registro de óbitos por residência no período de 2013-2017 no Estado do Maranhão. Resultados: No período de 2013-2017 foram registrados 166.323 óbitos, destes 323 foram de pacientes portadores de LM. Sendo 178 (55,10%) homens, 118 casados (36,53%), a faixa etária prevalente foi de 20 a 29, 60 a 69 e 70 a 79 anos ambos com 45 casos (13,93%), em sua maioria da cor parda 176 casos (54,48%), 97 (30,03%) escolaridade médio incompleto, 305 (94,42%) destes óbitos foi em unidade hospitalar, a maior ocorrência de casos foi São Luís com 114 (35,29%) com causa base à leucemia. As leucemias mielóides são mais comuns em indivíduos adultos e idosos, sugerindo a necessidade de intensificação do diagnóstico precoce e tratamento adequado dos pacientes acometidos.

Control preconcepcional y diabetes gestacional. Revisión sistemática y estado del arte / Preconceptional control and gestational diabetes. Systematic review and state of the art

Introducción: La diabetes mellitus gestacional se manifiesta con una intolerancia a los carbohidratos, ocasionada por una alteración en la secreción de insulina, con descontrol de los niveles de glucosa en sangre, caracterizada por ser una condición temporal y que se desarrolla por primera vez durante el embarazo; suele desaparecer después del parto, pero puede desarrollarse diabetes mellitus en un futuro. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio investigativo tipo documental, sistematizada, descriptiva, prospectiva en un periodo de revisión de cinco años, del 2013 a 2018. Discusión: Entre los trastornos más comunes en el feto esta la macrostomia, posterior al nacimiento se puede desarrollar hipoglu-cemia. Por parte de la madre también se han documentado complicaciones que pueden percutir al momento del parto como la preeclampsia y el síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: La diabetes gestacional puede cursar asintomática, por lo que se recomienda realizar pruebas de medición de glucosa en sangre durante las semanas 24 y 28 de gestación. Hay factores que pueden incrementar los riesgos de desarrollar diabetes gestacional, como: la edad avanzada de la madre, sobrepeso u obesidad, antecedentes familiares de diabetes mellitus, entre otros. Por lo tanto, someterse a la prueba de tamizaje sigue siendo el método más seguro de detección.

Introduction: Gestational diabetes mellitus manifests itself with a carbohydrate intolerance, caused by an alteration in insulin secretion, with uncontrolled blood glucose levels, characterized by being a temporary condition, which develops for the first time during pregnancy; It usually disappears after childbirth, although diabetes mellitus may develop later. Methodology: A documentary, systematic, descriptive, prospective research study was conducted in a five-year review period, from 2013 to 2018. Discussion: Among the most common disorders in the fetus is macrostomia, hypoglycemia may develop after birth. On the part of the mother complications have also been documented that can affect the moment of delivery such as preeclampsia and metabolic syndrome. Conclusions:Gestational diabetes can be asymptomatic, so it is recommended to perform blood glucose measu-rement tests during weeks 24 and 28 of gestation. There are factors that can increase the risks of developing gestational diabetes, such as: the mother's advanced age, overweight or obesity, family history of diabetes mellitus, among others. Therefore, undergoing the screening test remains the safest method of detection

Caracterización de dislipidemias y riesgo aterogénico en la institución educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta, Bogotá D. C. / Characterization Of Dyslipidemias And Aterogenic Risk In The Institution Policarpa Salavarrieta, Bogotá D.C

Introducción: La aterosclerosis es un factor de riesgo para la enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV), la cuallidera anualmente los más altos índices de mortalidad,afectando principalmente apersonasmayores de 45 años. Sin embargo, la población infantil se está exponiendo afactores de riesgo que desencadenan la enfermedad a futuro; esta alteración patológica de las arterias coronarias se caracterizapor el depósito anormal de grasas;surgecomo consecuencia de las dislipidemias o anomalías en el metabolismo de los lípidos presentes en el plasma sanguíneo.Objetivo: Describir la caracterización de dislipidemias y riesgo aterogénico en escolares de la Institución Educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta, Bogotá D.C., 2015, con el fin de promover hábitos de vida saludables que permitan prevenir la enfermedad y disminuir a futuro la prevalencia de la Enfermedad Cardiovascular.Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal. La muestra por conveniencia fue de88 niños y niñas con edades comprendidas entre los 6 a los 12 añosdela Institución Educativa Policarpa Salavarrieta, Bogotá D.C. Resultados: Los 88 escolares se distribuyeron en 62% (55) en niñas y un 38% (33) en niños. Se encontró que un 11% de los estudiantes presentaron hipercolesterolemia, un 19% hipertrigliceridemia y un 4% dislipidemia mixta. Adicionalmente 5 estudiantes sobrepasan el índice de Castelli (>4).Conclusión: Es importante realizar el perfil lipídico en la población infantil controlando los valores de lípidos plasmáticos, evitando así el desarrollo de arterosclerosis, el cual inicia desde edades tempranas, siendo éste un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular, y dando relevancia al cambio de estilo de vida.

Introduction:Atherosclerosis is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, which annually leads the highest mortality rates, mainly affecting people over 45 years of age. However, the child population is being exposed to risk factors that will trigger the disease in the future; this pathological alterationof the coronary arteries is characterized by abnormal fat deposition; it arises as a consequence of dyslipidemias or abnormalities in the lipid metabolism present in the blood plasma.Objective:Describe the characterization of dyslipidemias and atherogenic risk in schoolchildren from the Policarpa Salavarrieta Educational Institution, Bogotá D.C., 2015, in order to promote healthy lifestyle habits that prevent the disease and decrease the prevalence of Cardiovascular Disease in the future.Methods:Descriptive, cross-sectional study. The sample of convenience was 88 boys and girls aged 6 to 12 years at the Policarpa Salavarrieta Educational Institution, Bogotá D.C.Results:The 88 schoolchildren were distributed at 62% (55) in girls and 38% (33) in boys. It was found that 11% of the students presented hypercholesterolemia, 19% hypertriglyceridemia and 4% mixed dyslipidemia. Additionally, 5 students surpass the Castell index (> 4).Conclusion: It is important to carry out the lipid profile in the child population, controlling the plasma lipid values, thus avoiding the development of atherosclerosis, which begins from an early age, this being a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and giving relevance to lifestyle change.Keywords:Atherosclerosis; Risk factor; Cardiovascular Disease; Dyslipidemias; Lipid;Castell index.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos. Neiva 2016-2017 / Prevalence and factors associated with Infections associated with health care in patients admitted to an intensive care unit. Neiva 2016-2017

Objectives: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with health care associated infections (HAI) in patients admitted to an intensive care unit in the city of Neiva during the years 2016-2017. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional, analytical, observational study was carried out. It was defined as observational research by not having intervention with the patients and analytical by establishing a relationship between the risk factors described and the nosocomial infections identified. The study population includes all patients admitted to the ICU for the established time who meet the inclusion criteria. Intrinsic, extrinsic and microorganism-related factors were considered. An initial descriptive statistic was performed with the calculation of measures, SD, mean and the calculation of frequencies. Results and Conclusions: During 2016 and 2017, 157 patients were admitted to the ICU in a hospital in the city of Neiva. Of these, 29 (32%) acquired IAAS. It was reported that in equal proportion men and women contracted these infections, prevailing in the population over 60 years of age. The patients who suffered at least one infection associated with health care in the ICU service in the study period were 6 (31%) and those who suffered more than one HAI were 23 (79%). The most important risk factors for the acquisition of IAAS in the study refer to the procedures that occur during hospitalization: the use of a central venous catheter, urinary catheter, endotracheal intubation and artificial mechanical ventilation. Gram negative germs were found to have high resistance to cefoxitin, ciprofloxacin and ampicillin, while Gram positive germs showed resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline

Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud (IAAS) en pacientes ingresados en una unidad de cuidados intensivos en la ciudad Neiva durante los años 2016-2017. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico, observacional de corte transversal retrospectivo. Se definió como investigación observacional al no tener intervención con los pacientes y analítica al establecer relación en los factores de riesgos descritos y las infecciones nosocomiales identificadas. La población de estudio comprende todos los pacientes ingresados en la UCI durante el tiempo establecido que cumplan con los criterios de inclusión. Se consideraron factores intrínsecos, extrínsecos y relacionados al microorganismo. Se realizó una estadística descriptiva inicial con el cálculo de medidas, DS, media y el cálculo de frecuencias. Resultados y Conclusiones: Durante el 2016 y 2017 ingresaron 157 pacientes a la UCI en un centro hospitalario de la ciudad de Neiva. De estos, 29 (32%) adquirieron IAAS. Se reportó que en igual proporción los hombres y mujeres contrajeron dichas infecciones, prevaleciendo en la población mayor a 60 años. Los pacientes que sufrieron al menos una infección asociada a la atención de la salud en el servicio de UCI en el periodo de estudio fueron 6 (31 %) y los que padecieron más de una IAAS fueron 23 (79 %). Los factores de riesgo más importantes para la adquisición de IAAS en el estudio se refieren a los procedimientos que ocurren durante la hospitalización: el uso de catéter venoso central, sonda vesical, intubación orotraqueal y ventilación mecánica artificial. Se encontró que los gérmenes Gram negativos tienen una alta resistencia a la cefoxitina, ciprofloxacina y ampicilina, por su parte los gérmenes Gram positivos mostraron resistencia a la eritromicina y a la tetraciclina

Via verde do Acidente Vascular Cerebral no serviço de urgência / Stroke Green Lane in the Emergency Department

O Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo. Novas terapêuticas surgiram para o tratamento do AVC isquémico agudo. Essas terapêuticas são tempo-dependentes e obrigam os serviços de saúde a implementar protocolos no sentido de minimizar os tempos de atendimento. Objetivo: Analisar os resultados da implementação de um protocolo de Via Verde do AVC. Métodos: Foi realizado um estudo retrospetivo de todos os indivíduos com doença cerebrovascular (DCV) admitidos, consecutivamente, num serviço de urgência de um hospital no norte de Portugal, desde janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2016. Foram recolhidos dados sociodemográficos, tempos assistenciais, comorbilidades e outras variáveis clínicas através de registos eletrónicos. Estudaram-se todas as ativações do protocolo da Via Verde e diagrama de fluxo dos doentes. Resultados: Nos sete anos em análise foram admitidos 1200 doentes com DCV, apresentando: AVC isquémico 63,0%, AVC hemorrágico 17,3% e Acidente Isquémico Transitório (AIT) 19,8%. A Via Verde do AVC foi ativado 431 vezes, cobrindo 37,3% (n = 282) dos casos de AVC isquémico, sendo que fizeram fibrinólise 18,4% (n = 52) desses doentes. O tempo médio porta-agulha foi de 69,5 minutos. A nível neurológico verificou-se uma melhoria na escala NIHSS (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale) com pontuações médias de 14,8 (±5,2) antes do tratamento, diminuindo para 11,8 (±5,9) duas horas após fibrinólise (p <0,05). Conclusão: O tratamento precoce é determinante para o tratamento do AVC. Obtivemos uma taxa elevada de ativação da Via Verde, mas apenas 52 doentes realizaram fibrinólise dentro da janela terapêutica. A avançada idade dos doentes com patologia isquémica (78,6±10,7 años), a elevada presença de comorbilidades, e a sua procedência maioritariamente do meio rural, poderão ter influênciado a janela terapêutica e os critérios de inclusão/ exclusão para fibrinólise

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. New therapies have emerged for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. These therapies are time-dependent and require health services to implement protocols to minimize treatment times. Objective: To analyze the implementation of a Stroke Code protocol. Methods: A retrospective study of all individuals with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) admitted to a hospital emergency service in the north of Portugal from January 2010 to December 2016 was carried out. Demographic data, hospital care times, stroke-related comorbidities and other clinical variables were collected through electronic records. We studied all the activations of the Code Stoke protocol and the patient flow diagram. Results: In the seven years under analysis, 1200 patients with CVD were admitted, who presented: Ischemic stroke 63.0%, hemorrhagic stroke 17.3%, and transient ischemic attack (TIA) 19.8%. Stroke Code was activated 431 times, covering 37.2% (n = 282) of ischemic stroke, and have received thrombolytic therapy 18.4% (n=52) of these patients. The mean door-to-needle time was 69.5 minutes. At the neurological level, there was an improvement in the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) with mean scores of 14.8 (± 5.2) before treatment, decreasing to 11.8 (± 5.9) two hours after fibrinolysis (p <0.05). Conclusion: Time is decisive for the treatment of stroke. We obtained a high rate of Code Stroke activation, but only 52 patients performed fibrinolysis within the therapeutic window. The advanced age of patients with ischemic pathology (78.6 ± 10.7 years), the high presence of comorbidities, and their origin mainly in rural areas may have influenced the therapeutic window and the inclusion / exclusion criteria for fibrinolysis.

Evaluación del riesgo cardiovascular en el personal de enfermería de un Hospital de Cardiología / Assessment of cardiovascular risk in the nursing staff of a cardiology hospital

Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRC) en el equipo de enfermería y comparar el riesgo cardiovascular a través de la puntuación de Framingham entre los profesionales de los niveles medio y superior que actúan en un hospital de referencia en cardiología. Material y métodos: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, efectuado en 2014, en un Hospital de Nivel Terciario, referencia en cardiología, en Recife/Pernambuco, Brasil. Recopilamos datos acerca de factores de riesgo cardiológico de 82 profesionales del equipo de enfermería, técnicos, auxiliares de enfermería y enfermeros, con edades comprendidas entre los 30 y los 74 años. Se utilizó la puntuación de Framingham para evaluar el grado de riesgo cardiovascular. Los datos fueron procesados y analizados en el Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, a través de estadística descriptiva y t de Student para variables continuas. Resultados: Los factores de riesgo del historial familiar, estrés y sedentarismo fueron los más frecuentes y presentes en más de la mitad de los profesionales de los niveles medio y superior. En el análisis de la estratificación de riesgo en consonancia con la puntuación de Framingham, el alto riesgo del corazón estuvo presente en sólo el 5.23% de los profesionales del nivel medio y en ningún profesional del nivel superior. Conclusión: Los datos indicaron un bajo riesgo cardiovascular en los profesionales de enfermería y la presencia de factores de riesgo cambiantes. La vigilancia de la salud de estos profesionales es necesaria para evitar el cambio del riesgo para una mayor vulnerabilidad.

Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are the most commoncauses of morbidity and the leading cause of mortality in the world scenario, accounting for about 20% of all deaths in individuals over 30 years. It has attributed this to the increase in the company's exposure to risk factors. Identify cardiovascular risk factors in the nursing team and compare the cardiovascular risk by Framingham score among professionals of middle and upper working in a referral hospital in cardiology. Material y methods: Cross-sectional quantitative study conducted in 2014, in a reference hospital in cardiology located in Recife/Pernambuco, Brazil. Data of cardiologic risk factors were collected from 82 nursing team members, comprised of technical, auxiliary nurses, and nurses between 30 and 74 years of age. The cardiovascular risk level was evaluated by the Framingham Score. Data were organized and analyzed by means of the SPSS, with descriptive statistics and Student-t test for the continuous variables. Results: Family history, stress and sedentary life style were the prevalent risk factors in more than half of the professionals. Only 5.23% of the technical and auxiliary nurses had a high risk score for cardiovascular event. Conclusion: The data indicates a low cardiovascular risk for these professionals and the presence of risk factors that can be modified. Health surveillance of these professionals is necessary in order to avoid a change to a risk of greater vulnerability.